NeoVision offers Retinal Detachment Treatment
Definition of Retinal Detachment
The retina is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. When light enters the eye, the retina changes the light into nerve signals. The retina then sends these signals along the optic nerve to the brain. Without retina function, the eye cannot communicate with the brain, making vision impossible. Occasionally, the retina becomes torn and detaches from the internal portion of the eye causing reduced vision, floaters and sometimes flashes of light.
It is usually an emergency procedure when the tear is large or when the detachment involves the macula. In all cases, it needs to be repaired. A surgery called scleral buckling with or without vitrectomy is necessary to preserve eyesight. Without surgery, vision is usually completely lost.
Symptoms of Retinal Detachment
Retinal detachment is often spontaneous or may result from trauma, severe nearsightedness, a thinned retina, or just the normal process of aging that causes small tears in the retina. The tears allow vitreous fluid to leak between the retina and the outer layers of the eye. When the fluid causes enough pressure and the layers split, the end result is a retinal detachment. The symptoms may be one or more of the following. Sudden vision changes, including:
- Blurred vision
- Flashes of bright light often at the outer edges of vision range (peripheral vision)
- Blind spot(s) that are characterized as floaters or specks of dust floating in the eye
- Curtain or shade blocking part of the vision
- Near or total blindness in the eye
Detection of Retinal Detachment
During a comprehensive eye examination, your eyes will be dilated to examine the health of your retina. Eye drops will be instilled in your eye to dilate the pupils. These drops become effective in about 15-20 min and remain effective for at least 6 hours. The near vision becomes blurry and eyes become photosensitive during this period. Please bring your sunglasses to wear after the examination. Most of the people drive after the examination but if you are not comfortable in driving, please arrange for a ride.
Treatment of Retinal Detachment
Immediate surgical treatment is necessary – a surgical procedure called scleral buckling often in conjunction with cryotherapy. Laser or vitrectomy surgery is performed by an ophthalmologist in the operating room. Scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment is generally performed under local anesthesia. General anesthesia (the patient is asleep for the entire procedure) is less commonly used.
Cryotherapy uses a probe that uses extremely cold temperatures to weld shut and repair the retinal tear. Photocoagulation is similar to cryotherapy in that it welds the retinal tear closed but instead of cold it uses laser treatment. A silicone band (scleral buckle) is sewn to the sclera (outside layer of the eye) so that it indents the eyewall to support the retinal tear(s). The silicone buckle will never be removed.
Various alternative methods may be used to ensure the retina properly re-attaches to the outer layers including injected gas inside the eye to help push the retinal tear closed and or removing the vitreous jelly inside the eye to remove traction on the retinal breaks (vitrectomy).
The procedure may require an overnight stay in the hospital. As with any procedure, a risk of adversely reacting to the anesthesia always exists. Other risks include:
- Recurrence of retinal detachment
- Development of glaucoma (increased pressure in eye)
- Bleeding and/or infection inside or outside of eye
- Red or painful eye
- Loss of depth perception, blurring of vision, double vision, or blindness
- Loss of eye
- Tissue loss due to poor blood supply (anterior segment necrosis)
- Swelling of the layer under the retina (choroidal effusion)
- Change in focus, requiring new spectacle or contact lenses (refractive changes)
- Erosion of implant into the eye
- Loss of contrast sensitivity
- Infection around implant
- Double vision
- Development of cataract
- Wrinkling of the retina (macular pucker)
- Swelling within the retina (cystoid macular edema)
- Distortion of vision, loss of peripheral vision (side vision)
Since the biggest risk of retinal detachment surgery is re-detachment of the retina, physical activity will be restricted after the surgery. To reduce the risk of infection, antibiotic drops will be instilled in the eye and should be continued until instructed to stop them. Recovery of vision may take several months and may never recover to pre-detachment levels. Vision is usually blurry immediately after surgery.
Scleral buckling surgery has a greater than 80% success rate after the first surgery. With additional surgery, more than 90% of cases can be successfully reattached.
It is important to understand that successful surgery does not necessarily correlate with good vision. The amount of visual recovery depends on how long the center of vision was detached before reattachment. It may take months before vision returns.
If you are concerned about retinal detachment and would like to schedule an eye appointment with NeoVision Eye Center, please contact us at 510-431-5511 (Union City).
